Is Maternal Personality and Coping Style Related to Breech Presentation? Evaluating the Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Models of Risk Factors for Breech Presentation

Albrechtsen, S., Rasmussen, S., Dalaker, K., & Irgens, L. M. (1998). The occurrence of breech presentation in Norway 1967-1994. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 77(4), 410-415.
Amiel-Tison, C., Cabrol, D., Denver, R., Jarreau, P.-H., Papiernik, E., & Piazza, P. V. (2004). Fetal adaptation to stress part II. evolutionary aspects; stress-induced hippocampal damage; long-term effects on behavior; consequences on adult health. Early Human Development, 78, 81-94.
Amoa, A. B., Sapuri, M., & Klufio, C. A. (2001). Perinatal outcome and associated factors of persistent breech presentation at the Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea. Papua and New Guinea Medical Journal, 44(1-2), 48-56.
Banks, M. (1998). Breech Birth: Woman-Wise. Hamilton, New Zealand: Birthspirit Books.
Barker, D. J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., & Wadsworth, M. E. (1989). Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. British Medical Journal, 298, 564-567.
Bartlett, D. J., Okun, N. B., Byrne, P. J., Watt, J. M., & Piper, M. C. (2000). Early motor development of breech- and cephalic-presenting infants. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 95(3), 425-432.
Bartlett, D. J., Piper, M. C., Okun, N. B., Byrne, P. J., & Watt, J. (1997). Primitive reflexes and the determination of fetal presentation at birth. Early Human Development, 48(3), 261-273.
Beresford-Cooke, C. (2003). Shiatsu Theory and Practice: A Comprehensive Text for the Student and Professional (2nd ed.): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
Bergman, K., Sarkar, P., O'Connor, T. G., Modi, N., & Glover, V. (2007). Maternal stress during pregnancy predicts cognitive ability and fearfulness in infancy. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(11), 1454-1463.
Blackburn, S. (2009). Maternal-fetal thyroid interactions. Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing, 23(4), 312-313.
Boivin, J., Sanders, K., & Schmidt, L. (2006). Age and social position moderate the effect of stress on fertility. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 345-356.
Boklage, C. E. (2005). The epigenetic environment: secondary sex ratio depends on differential survival in embryogenesis. Human Reproduction, 20(3), 583-587.
Bowen, E. (1988). A program to facilitate prebirth bonding. In P. Fedor-Freybergh & M. L. V. Vogel (Eds.), Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine (pp. 267-271). Park Ridge, NJ: The Parthenon Publishing Group.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bruckner, T. A., Catalano, R., & Ahern, J. (2010). Male fetal loss in the U.S. following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. BMC Public Health, 10, 273.
Bryan, A. A. (2000). Enhancing parent-child interaction with a prenatal couple intervention. The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 25(3), 139-145.
Buhrman, S. (1996). Ayurvedic approaches to women's health. The Protocol Journal of Botanical Medicine, Spring, 2-7.
Cardini, F., & Weixin, H. (1998). Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280(18), 1580-1584.
Casey, B. M., Dashe, J. S., Wells, C. E., McIntire, D. D., Byrd, W., Leveno, K. J., & Gunningham, F.G. (2005). Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105, 239-245.
Cook, K., & Nunkoosing, K. (2008). Maintaining dignity and managing stigma in the interview encounter: the challenge of paid-for participation. Qualitative Health Research, 18(3), 418-427.
Coyle, M. E., Smith, C. A., & Peat, B. (2008). Cephalic version by moxibustion for breech presentation. The Cochrane Library (4).
Cozolino, L. (2006). The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Cunningham, F. G., Leveno, K. L., Bloom, S. L., Hauth, J. C., Gilstrap, L. C., & Wenstrom, K. D. (2005). Williams Obstetrics, 22nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Czaja, R., & Blair, J. (2005). Designing Surveys: A Guide to Decisions and Procedures. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press.
Damato, E. G. (2004). Prenatal attachment and other correlates of postnatal maternal attachment to twins. Advances in Neonatal Care, 4(5), 274-291.
Davis, E. P., & Sandman, C. A. (2010). The timing of prenatal exposure to maternal cortisol and psychosocial stress is associated with human infant cognitive development. Child Development, 81(1), 131-148.
Faber-Nijholt, R., Huisjes, H. J., Touwen, B. C., & Fidler, V. J. (1983). Neurological follow-up of 281 children born in breech presentation: a controlled study. British Medical Journal, 286, 9-12.
Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Figueiredo, B., Deeds, O., Ascencio, A., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. (2010). Comorbid depression and anxiety effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Infant Behavior & Development, 33(1), 23-29.
Friedman, M. J., Wang, S., Jalowiec, J. E., McHugo, G. J., & McDonagh-Coyle, A. (2005). Thyroid hormone alterations among women with posttraumatic stress disorder due to childhood sexual abuse. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1186-1192.
Fukuda, M., Fukuda, K., Shimizu, T., & Moller, H. (1998). Decline in sex ratio at birth after Kobe earthquake. Human Reproduction, 13(8), 2321-2322.
Gau, M.-L., & Lee, T.-Y. (2003). Construct validity of the prenatal attachment inventory: a confirmatory factor analysis approach. Journal of Nursing Research, 11(3), 177-186.
Githens, P. B., Glass, C. A., Sloan, F. A., & Entman, S. S. (1993). Maternal recall and medical records: an examination of events during pregnancy, childbirth, and early infancy. Birth, 20(3), 136-141.
Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., & Beedle, A. S. (2007). Early life events and their consequences for later disease: a life Hhistory and evolutionary perspective. American Journal of Human Biology, 19, 1-19.
Grant, D. (2010). Physician financial incentives and cesarean delivery: new conclusions from the healthcare cost and utilization project. Journal of Health Economics, 28, 244-250.
Grant, K.-A., Austin, M.-P., Reilly, N., Leader, L., & Ali, S. (2009). Maternal prenatal anxiety, postnatal caregiving and infants' cortisol responses to the still-face procedure. Developmental Psychobiology, 51, 625-637.
Gumenick, N. (2005). Spirits of the points: the bladder official. Acupuncture Today, 6(4), 1-5.
Hammig, O., & Bauer, G. (2009). Work-life imbalance and mental health among male and female employees in Switzerland. International Journal of Public Health, 54, 88-95.
Hannah, M. E., Hannah, W. J., Hewson, S. A., Hodnett, E. D., Saigal, S., & Willan, A. R. (2000). Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. The Lancet, 356, 1375-1383.
Hofmeyr, G. J., Sadan, O., Myer, I. G., Galal, K. C., & Simko, G. (1986). External cephalic version and spontaneous version rates: ethnic and other determinants. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 93(1), 13-16.
Hopcroft, R. L. (2006). Sex, status, and reproductive success in the contemporary United States. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 104-120.
Hrdy, S. B. (1999). Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and How they Shape the Human Species. New York: Ballantine Book Company.
Huizink, A. C., Robles de Medina, P. G., Mulder, E. J. H., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2003). Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 44(6), 810-818.
Hutton, E. K., & Hofmeyr, G. J. (2009). External cephalic version for breech presentation before term. Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1.
Jenkins, C., & Williams, A. (2008). The mother-baby prenatal group: nurturing reflective functioning in a methadone-maintenance clinic. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 22(3), 163-180.
Ji, E. S., & Han, H.-R. (2010). The effects of Qi exercise on maternal/fetal interaction and maternal well-being during pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 39, 310-318.
Jonas, O., & Roder, D. (1993). Breech presentation in South Australia, 1987-1989. Australia & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 33(1), 17-21.
Jundt, K., Haertl, K., Knobbe, A., Kaestner, R., Friese, K., & Peschers, U. M. (2009). Pregnant women after physical and sexual abuse in Germay. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 68, 82-87.
Konstantinovsky, M. (2010). Ayurveda is Good for Health. SheKnows, LLC Retrieved 10/3/10
Kooistra, L., Kuppens, S. M. I., Hasaart, T. H. M., Vader, H. L., Wijnen, H. A., Oei, S. G., & Pop, V.J. (2010). High thyrotrophin level at end term increase the risk of breech presentation. Clinical Endocrinology.
Krishan, S. (2003). From blues to bliss: Ayurveda offers another method of dealing with menopause.
Kuppens, S. M. I., Kooistra, L., Wijnen, H. A., Crawford, S., Vader, H. L., Hasaart, T. H. M., Ori, S.G., & Pop, V.J. (2010). Maternal thyroid function during gestation is related to breech presentation at term. Clinical Endocrinology, 72, 820-824.
Lad, V. (1984). Ayurveda: A Practical Guide: The Science of Self-Healing. Twin Lakes, WI: Lotus Press.
LeCompte, M. D., & Schensul, J. J. (1999). Analyzing & Interpreting Ethnographic Data. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
Leung, E., Tasker, S. L., Atkinson, L., TVaillancourt, T., Schulkin, J., & Schmidt, L. A. (2010). Perceived maternal stress during pregnancy and its relation to infant stress reactivity at 2 days and 10 months of postnatal life. Clinical Pediatrics, 49(2), 158-165.
Linder, R. (2006). How women can carry their unborn babies to term - the prevention of premature birth through psychosomatic methods. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 20(4), 293-304.
Lobel, M., Cannella, D. L., DeVincent, C., & Schneider, J. (2008). Pregnancy-specific stress, prenatal health behaviors, and birth outcomes. Health Psychology, 27(5), 604-615.
Lonsdorf, N., & Mishra, R. K. (2002). A Woman's Best Medicine for Menopause: Your Personal Guide to Radiant Good Health Using Maharishi Ayurveda. New York: Contemporary Books.
Luterkort, M., Persson, P.-H., & Weldner, B.-M. (1984). Maternal and fetal factors in breech presentation. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 64(1), 55-59.
Luterkort, M., Polberger, S., Weldner, B.-M., Persson, P. h., & Bjerre, I. (1986). Growth in breech presentation: ultrasound and post-partal assessment of growth in 225 fetuses presenting by the breech in the 33rd gestational week. Acta Obstetrica Gynecologica Scandinavica, 65, 157-160.
Maciocia, G. (1998). Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chinese Medicine. New York: Churchill Livingstone.
McGilvray, D. B. (1994). Sexual power and fertility in Sri Lanka: Batticaloa Tamils and Moors. In C. P. MacCormack (Ed.), Ethnography of Fertility and Birth (2nd ed., pp. 15-64). Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.
Melillo, R., & Leisman, G. (2009). Neurobehavcioral Disorders of Childhood: An Evolutionary Perspective. New York: Springer.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). An attachment and behavioral systems perspective on social support. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(1), 7-19.
Miller, D. C., & Salkind, N. J. (2002). Handbook of Research Design & Social Measurement 6th edition (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Morrison, J. H. (1995). The Book of Ayurveda: A Holistic Approach to Health and Longevity. New York: Fireside.
Nordenmark, M. (2004). Balancing work and family demands: do increasing demands increase strain? a longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 32, 450-455
Nordtveit, T.I., Melve, K.K., Albrechtsen, S., & Skjaerven, R. (2008). Maternal and paternal contribution to intergenerational recurrence of breech delivery: Population based cohort study. British Medical Journal 336(7649).
Null, G., & Seaman, B. (1999). For Women Only! Your Guide to Health Empowerment. New York: Seven Stories Press.
Obel, C., Henriksen, T. B., Secher, N. J., Eskenazi, B., & Hedegaard, M. (2007). Psychological distress during early gestation and offspring sex ratio. Human Reproduction, 22(11), 3009-3012.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Teddlie, C. (2003). A framework for analyzing data in mixed methods research. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research. (pp. 351-383). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Peterson, C. (2010). Are race and ethnicity risk factors for breech presentation? Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 39, 277-281.
Pistiner, M., Gold, D. R., Abdulkerim, H., Hoffman, E., & Celedon, J. C. (2008). Birth by cesarean section, allergic rhinitis, and allergic sensitization among children with a parental history of atopy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 122(2), 274-279.
Pistolese, R. A. (2002). The Webster Technique: a chiropractic technique with obstetric implications. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 25(6), E1-9.
Plaza, A., Garcia-Esteve, L., Ascaso, C., Navarro, P., Gelabert, E., Halperin, I., Valdes, M., & Martin-Santos, R. (2010). Childhood sexual abuse and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in postpartum major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 122, 159-163.
Pop, V. J., Brouwers, E. P., Wijnen, H., Oei, G., Essed, G. G., & Vader, H. L. (2004). Low concentrations of maternal thyroxin during early gestation: a risk factor of breech presentation? British Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 111(9), 925-930.
Rayl, J., Gibson, J., & Kickok, D. E. (1996). A population-based case-control study of risk factors for breech presentation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 174(1 Pt 1), 28-32.
Roberts, C. L., Algert, C. S., Peat, B., & Henderson-Smart, D. (1999). Small fetal size: a risk factor for breech birth at term. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 67(1), 1-8.
Rosenberg, K., & Trevathan, W. (2002). Birth, obstetrics and human evolution. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 109, 1199-1206.
Schensul, S. L., Schensul, J. J., & LeCompte, M. D. (1999). Essential Ethnographic Methods: Observations, Interviews, and Questionnaires. (Vol. 2). Walnut Creek: Alta Mira Press.
Sekulic, S. R. (2000). Possible explanation of cephalic and noncephalic presentation during pregnancy: a theoretical approach. Medical Hypotheses, 55(5), 429-434.
Shin, K. R., Kim, M. Y., & Chung, S. E. (2009). Methods and strategies utilized in published qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 19(6), 850-858.
Shkedi, A. (2005). Multiple Case narrative: A Qualitative Approach to Studying Multiple Populations. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Siddiqui, A., & Hagglof, B. (2000). Does maternal prenatal attachment predict postnatal mother-infant interaction? Early Human Development, 59, 13-25.
Siegel, D. J. (1999). The Developing Mind: Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience. New York: The Guilford Press.
Sival, D. A., Prechtl, H. F. R., Sonder, G. H. A., & Touwen, B. C. L. (1993). The effect of intra-uterine breech position on postnatal motor functions of the lower limbs. Early Human Development, 32(2-3), 161-176.
Souza, J. P., Cecatti, J. G., Pacagnella, R. C., Giavarotti, T. M., Parpinelli, M. A., Camargo, R. S., & Sousa, M.H. (2010). Development and validation of a questionnaire to identify severe maternal morbidity in epidemiological surveys. Reproductive Health, 7.
Spielberger, C. D. (nd). Preliminary Manual for the State-Trait Personality Inventory (SPTI).Unpublished manuscript, Tampa, Florida.
Spielberger, C. D., & Reheiser, E. C. (2003). Measuring anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity as emotional states and personality traits with the STAI, STAXI, and STPI. In M. J. Hilsenroth & D. L. Segal (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Vol. 2 (Vol. Vol. 2, pp. 70-86). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spielberger, C. D., Ritterband, L. M., Reheiser, E. C., & Brunner, T. M. (2003). The nature and measurement of depression. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 3(2), 209-234.
Spielberger, C. D., Ritterband, L. M., Sydeman, S. J., Reheiser, E. C., & Unger, K. K. (1995). Assessment of emotional states and personality traits: measuring psychological vital signs. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Clinical Personality Assessment: Practical Approaches. New York: Oxford University Press.
Steptoe, A., Kunz-Ebrecht, S., Owen, N., Feldman, P. J., Willemsen, G., Kirschbau, C., & Marmot, M. (2003). SES and stress-related biological responses over the working day. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 461-470.
Stewart, D. E., Ahmad, F., Cheung, A., Bergman, B., & Dell, D. (2000). Women physicians and stress. Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine, 9, 185-190.
Troude, P., Foix L'Helias, L., Raison-Boulley, A.-M., Castel, C., Pichon, C., Bouyer, J., & de La Rouchebouchard, E. (2008). Perinatal factors reported by mothers: do they agree with medical records? European Journal of Epidemiology, 23(8), 557-564.
Vendittelli, F., Riviere, O., Crenn-Hebert, C., Rozan, M.-A., Maria, B., Jacquetin, B.; ADIPOG Sentinel Network. (2008). Is a breech presentation at term more frequent in women with a history of cesarean delivery? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 198(5), 521.e521-521.e526.
Weeden, J., Abrams, M. J., Gree, M. C., & Sabini, J. (2006). Do high-status people really have fewer children? education, income, and fertility in the contemporary U.S. Human Nature, 17(4), 377-392.
Wilson, M., E., White, M. A., Cobb, B., Curry, R., Greene, D., & Popovich, D. (2000). Family dynamics, parental-fetal attachment and infant temperament. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(1), 204-210.
Witkop, C. T., Zhang, J., Sun, W., & Troendle, J. (2008). Natural history of fetal position during pregnancy and risk of nonvertex delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 111(4), 875-880.
Yow, V. R. (1994). Recording Oral History: A Practical Guide for Social Scientists. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Zysk, K. G. (1993). The science of respiration and the doctrine of the bodily winds in ancient India. The Journal of the American Oriental Society, 113.